n.[C]

1. 莖，（樹）幹，（葉）柄
   Bindweed ran up the stems of the corn.

   旋花纏繞著玉米杆往上長。

2. （工具的）柄，把，桿
3. 高腳酒杯的腳；菸斗柄；手錶的轉柄
   He bit on the stem of his pipe.

   他咬著菸斗柄。

4. 艏柱；艏材；船頭
   The sea ran high, and swept the little craft from stem to stern.

   海面上風急浪高，小船從頭至尾都被浪頭沖刷著。

5. 【文】詞幹
6. 血統，家系
   He descended from an ancient stem.

   他出身於一個古老的家系。

vt.

1. 抽去……的梗（或莖）
2. 給……裝柄（或把，桿等）
3. 逆……而行；頂著……而上
   When you swim up stream, you have to stem the current.

   當你往上游游的時候，你得頂著水流而上。

vi.

1. 起源於，由……而造成[（+from）]
   The loss stemmed from his recklessness.

   損失是他的魯莽冒失造成的。

vt.

1. 堵住（水流等），攔住；阻擋，遏止
   Measures have been taken to stem inflation.

   已採取措施抑制通貨膨脹。

   I couldn't stem the bleeding.

   我無法止住流血。

2. 把（滑雪屐）向內轉

vi.

1. 堵住，止住
2. 把滑雪屐向內轉以減速或轉向

n.

1. the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub.
   ▸the stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk.
2. a long, thin supportive or main section of something, such as that of a wine glass or tobacco pipe.
3. a rod or cylinder in a mechanism.
4. a vertical stroke in a letter or musical note.
5. Grammar  the root or main part of a word, to which inflections or formative elements are added.
6. the main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship.
7. archaic or literary the main line of descent of a family or nation.

v.

1. (stem from) originate in or be caused by.
2. remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves).
3. (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current).

v.

1. stop or restrict (the flow of something).
2. Skiing  slide the tail of one ski or both skis outwards in order to turn or slow down.