a.

1. 硬的，堅固的
   The ice is as hard as rock.

   冰像石頭一樣硬。

2. 困難的，費力的[+to-v]
   George is hard to get along with.

   喬治很難相處。

3. 猛力的；辛苦的
   He gave the door a hard kick.

   他猛力踢門。

4. 刻苦的；努力的[B]
   She is a hard worker.

   她是一個工作十分勤奮的人。

5. 艱難的；難受的
   I know that he has a very hard life.

   我知道他日子過得很艱難。

6. 冷酷無情的；嚴厲的；嚴格的[（+on）]
   She is too hard on her pupils.

   她對學生太嚴格了。

7. （氣候）酷寒的
   It was a hard winter.

   那是一個嚴寒的冬天。

8. 【語】發硬音的（如c, g唸成[k][g]）
9. （水）硬質的
10. （毒品）毒性強的，使成癮的[B]
11. 確實的；不容懷疑的[B]
    We confronted him with hard facts.

    我們把鐵的事實擺在他的面前。

12. 【軍】設重防的；（飛彈發射場或飛彈）設於地下可免受敵方空襲的

ad.

1. 努力地；艱苦地
   She tried hard, but failed.

   她努力嘗試過，但未能成功。

2. 猛烈地；重重地
   It's raining hard.

   雨下得很大。

3. 困難地；困苦地
   The old man is breathing hard.

   這位老人呼吸困難。

4. 牢固地，緊緊地
   He held hard on to the rope.

   他牢牢抓著繩子。

5. 接近地；立即地
   One misfortune followed hard on another.

   不幸接踵而來。

adj.

1. solid, firm, and rigid; not easily broken, bent, or pierced.
   ▸(of a person) not showing any signs of weakness; tough.
2. requiring or demonstrating a great deal of endurance or effort; difficult.
   ▸strict and demanding:

   a hard taskmaster.
   ▸denoting an extreme or dogmatic faction within a political party:

   the hard left.
3. (of information or a subject of study) concerned with precise and verifiable facts:
   hard science.
4. harsh or unpleasant to the senses.
   ▸(of a season or the weather) severe.
5. done with a great deal of force or strength:
   a hard whack.
6. strongly alcoholic; denoting a spirit rather than beer or wine.
   ▸(of a drug) potent and addictive.
7. (of water) containing mineral salts.
8. (of pornography) highly obscene and explicit.
9. (of prices of shares, commodities, etc.) high and stable; firm.
10. (of radiation) highly penetrating.
11. (of a consonant) pronounced as a velar plosive (as c in cat, g in go).

adv.

1. with a great deal of effort.
   ▸with a great deal of force; violently.
2. so as to be solid or firm.
3. to the fullest extent possible:
   put the wheel hard over to starboard.

n.