vt.

1. 提煉，精鍊；精製
   Crude oil can be refined into various petroleum products.

   原油可煉製成各種石油產品。

2. 提去（雜質等）[（+out/away）]
   Much of the really nutritive material actually was refined out of the foods.

   在食品加工過程中很多真正有營養價值的物質實際上卻喪失了。

3. 使昇華，使……的道德完善
4. 使精鍊；使優美；使文雅
   Reading good books helps to refine our speech.

   讀一些好書有助於使我們的言談更優雅。

vi.

1. 被提煉，被提純；變純淨
2. 變得優雅精美
3. 琢磨，推敲[（+on/upon）]
   The firm's top man refined on his management style.

   公司總裁對管理作風作了精微的改進。

v.

1. remove impurities or unwanted elements from.
2. make minor changes so as to improve (a theory or method).
3. [as adj. refined] elegant and cultured.