n.
   - a sudden powerful forward or upward movement:![]()  tidal surges. 
- a sudden large temporary increase.
- a powerful rush of an emotion or feeling.
v.
   - move in a surge.
- increase suddenly and powerfully.
- Nautical  (of a rope, chain, or windlass) slip back with a jerk.
Etymology
  C15 (in the sense ‘fountain, stream’): the noun from OFr. sourgeon; the verb partly from the OFr. stem sourge-, based on L. surgere ‘to rise’.