a.
- 艱鉅的；費力的；困難的It must have been a very arduous task to build the pyramids.
當時建造金字塔肯定是件萬分艱鉅的事。
- 努力的；使勁的He made an arduous effort to keep up with the rest of the class.
他努力跟上班上其他同學。
- 陡峭的，難攀登的an arduous hill
陡峭的山
衍生
ad.
arduously
n. [U]
arduousness
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